THE CITY & SOUTH LONDON RAILWAY

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The Northern line is extended to Battersea Power Station and Nine Elms - the first major Tube extension this century

At the same time, the LER also bought the Central London Railway, swapping one of its shares for one of the Central's. Near Borough station the new tunnels would branch off via a new station to form an interchange with the SE&CR and the LB&SCR at London Bridge mainline station. The tunnels would then pass to the east of London Bridge, north through the City of London to Angel. Following a delay, during which a Joint Select Committee reviewed the proposals of several new underground railways, [29] the City and South London Railway Act 1893 received royal assent on 24 August 1893. [30] The Act also incorporated another bill of 1893 [31] to grant an extension of time to build the southern extension to Clapham. [29]Day, John R; Reed, John (2008) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground. Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-316-7. Tottenham Court Road station upgrade is completed, including three new entrances and a connection to Crossrail platforms The original service was operated by trains composed of an engine and three carriages. Thirty-two passengers could be accommodated in each carriage, [10] which had longitudinal bench seating and sliding doors at the ends, leading onto a platform for boarding and alighting. It was reasoned that there was nothing to look at in the tunnels, so the only windows were in a narrow band high up in the carriage sides. Gate-men rode on the carriage platforms to operate the lattice gates and announce the station names to the passengers. Because of their claustrophobic interiors, the carriages soon became known as padded cells. These trains were however, preserved in London Transport Museum as the first static exhibit to the metro train. The bill was rejected on the grounds that the extension failed to make a connection to the existing line. In November 1891, the C&SLR published details of a revised bill for the extension to Islington. The company had recognised the deficiencies of its King William Street station and, just a year after the line had opened, planned to construct a new pair of tunnels to bypass the problematic northern section. It was used as a WW2 shelter, and later for document storage, but has otherwise remained a lost echo of the early transport history, until now.

The Souteastern Railway is the Integrated Kent franchise since 2006 and is operated by Govia (Go-Ahead and Keolis) Greathead, James Henry (1896). The City and South London Railway: With Some Remarks Upon Subaqueous Tunnelling by Shield and Compressed Air. Institution of Civil Engineers . Retrieved 21 January 2010. Underground Journeys: South Wimbledon". www.architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 . Retrieved 20 February 2011.

The Tube – Victorian style

Between September 1940 and May 1945 most Tube station platforms are used as air raid shelters. Some, like the Piccadilly line Holborn-Aldwych branch, are closed to store British Museum treasures Despite the modernisation of the C&SLR and other improvements made to other parts of the network, [note 13] the Underground railways were still struggling to make a profit.

On 13 October 2005 the Northern line service was suspended due to maintenance problems with the emergency braking system on the entire train fleet. [27] A series of rail replacement buses was used to connect outlying stations with other Underground lines. [28] Full service was restored on 18 October. Rose, Douglas (1999). The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose/Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-219-4.Underground Journeys: Moving Underground". www.architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011 . Retrieved 20 February 2011. In an effort to improve their collective situations, most of the underground railways in London; the C&SLR, the CLR, the Great Northern and City Railway and the Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited (UERL, which operated the Baker Street & Waterloo Railway (BS&WR), the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), the CCE&HR and the MDR) began, from 1907, to introduce fare agreements. During planning, it was expected that the railway would pull the carriages along on cables, as was used in mines, but they switched to the newly developed electric locomotive to pull the carriages along. First new station on an existing Underground line for 70 years opens as Wood Lane station on the Hammersmith & City line Surrey Canal Road station campaign must continue says Caroline Pidgeon". Rail News. 2 September 2010 . Retrieved 17 December 2012.

Greathead, James Henry (1896). The City and South London Railway: With Some Remarks Upon Subaqueous Tunnelling by Shield and Compressed Air. Institution of Civil Engineers. Retrieved on 21 January 2010. an extension of time for the 1893 Act and changes to the construction of Bank station. [35] Approved as the City and South London Railway Act, 1896 on 14 August 1896. [36]A fatal accident on the Northern line at Moorgate kills 43 people. New safety measures are introduced Before the railway opened, a further bill received assent, granting permission to continue the line south to Clapham Common. The act was published on 25 July 1890 as the City and South London Railway Act, 1890, also effecting a change of the company's name.. The works authorised by this Act are as follows: "A subway commencing ... near ... Short Street at the ... junction ... with Newington Butts and terminating at King William Street ... "The subway shall consist of two tubes for separate up and down traffic and shall be approached by means of staircases and by hydraulic lifts." Tunnelling work at the project to modernise and expand Bank Underground station finishes, marking a major milestone in the project During the early 1920s, a series of works was carried out to connect the C&SLR and CCE&HR tunnels to enable an integrated service to be operated. The first of these new tunnels, between the C&SLR's Euston station and the CCE&HR's station at Camden Town, had originally been planned in 1912 [16] but had been delayed by World War I. The second connection linked the CCE&HR's Embankment and C&SLR's Kennington stations and provided a new intermediate station at Waterloo to connect to the main line station there and the Bakerloo line. The smaller-diameter tunnels of the C&SLR were expanded to match the standard diameter of the CCE&HR and the other deep tube lines.